Alterations in peripheral levels of cytokines and associated inflammatory markers in acute and chronic stages of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Introduction It has been previously identified that levels of peripheral inflammatory proteins, such as cytokines, are altered in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). Objectives As there is considerable inconsistency the literature respect to how profiles differ between acute and chronic stages SSD, a systematic review network meta-analysis was performed. Methods Records from CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO were systematically searched inception until 31 March 2022 for published studies had measured proteins cases SSD healthy controls. Pairwise meta-analyses performed determine whether significant differences mean protein concentrations Results After application screening process, 215 articles included data-analysis. One group markers consistently elevated (p<0·05) both relative controls; this comprised interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), soluble interleukin-2 (sIL-2R), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, high sensitivity C-reactive (hsCRP). A second inconsistently illness stages: IL-2 interferon (IFN)-γ significantly whilst IL-4, IL-12 IFN-γ decreased SSD. Conclusions These results indicate baseline level alteration occurs throughout course illness. This evident (e.g., IL-6), representing possible trait markers. Moreover, superimposed immune activity may occur given state increased only IFN-γ). Further research required elucidate these changes reflected within central nervous system. Disclosure Interest None Declared